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Aug 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-5915.jafs-21-3930
Donald L. BureshCorresponding author
The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the cyber-attacks on Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine, including tactics, techniques, procedures, and effects. The paper states that none of the models will probably be repeated. The thesis is that cyber-attacks will change as technology changes. In other words, past cyber-attacks operations, particularly in Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine, are not good predictors of future cyber-attack activity.
Nov 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-5915.jafs-20-3601
Donald L. BureshCorresponding author
This paper evaluates the effect of the Estonian cyber incident on Estonia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also known as NATO. The paper employs the Valeriano and Maness criteria for evaluating a cyber incident critically. The article asks how did the Estonian cyber incident come to pass, what were the foreign policy and international relationship effects, what was the impact on Estonia, and how did Estonia react to the attack. The essay concludes that the Estonian cyber incident was a catalyst, prompting the nations listed herein to address the effects of cyber-attacks, and then search for acceptable solutions.
May 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-5915.jafs-20-3405
Donald L. BureshCorresponding author
This paper attempts to answer the question of whether digital terrorism, also known as cyberterrorism, exists. The paper defines terrorism both in the conventional and digital sense. It then gives a short history of conventional terrorism, dating back two thousand years and ending with the terrorist activities in several third-world nations. The essay then discusses digital terrorism, highlighting the Estonian, Georgian, and Ukrainian cyber-attacks. The work concludes that digital terrorism does indeed exist, but that the future is uncertain in the sense that future cyber-attacks will probably not resemble past attacks as the technology advances.