Human Anatomy: An Inlet of Medicine and Surgery
Abstract
An educational essay frames human anatomy as foundational to medicine and surgery, highlighting learning modalities and integration with imaging and simulation.
Article Information
- Received
- Accepted
- Published
Academic Editor: Shuji Kitahara, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Japan.
Checked for plagiarism: Yes
Review by: Single-blind
Copyright © 2019 Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Corresponding author: Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy, Professor and Former Chairman of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt —
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Funding
No specific funding statement was provided by the authors.
Data Availability
No data-availability statement was provided by the authors.
Citation:
Introduction
Human anatomy is a biological science that deals with the normal structure of body and its function and abnormal or pathological deviation. It represents the main basic medical science. The anatomical sciences include gross anatomy studied by the naked eyes without use of magnifying devices; microanatomy investigated using microscopes; developmental anatomy dealing with embryogenesis and pre- and postnatal changes; radiological anatomy using X-ray and other imaging modalities; functional or physiological anatomy; pathological anatomy; genetics or called study of inheritance; anthropology clarifying the differences in structure in-between different races. Anatomical sciences represent the corner-stone for all other medical sciences and guide for clinicians in diagnosis and management of different cases. Therefore, we can say: “no anatomy study is without clinical correlations & vice versa; no clinical application without anatomy knowledge”. 1
Currently, the air and food are prone to increasing levels of pollutions due wide spread of different minute particles use such as nanoparticles and others in industry. This represents a big challenge to the general health. The normal anatomy of human body is vulnerable to various hazards resulting from human body exposure to many elements that could be found in foods and air. Chemicals introduced in manufacture of food as well as nanoparticles in industry should be thoroughly investigated for their possible hazards on the normal anatomy of human body throughout their use.
Structure is a mirror reflecting any change or illness of the human body. Therefore, it is essential to investigate such changes to minimize their effect or even to recommend abstinence of the more dangerous particles. Fortunately, there are many natural products that might alleviate the harms. Therefore, future research is recommended; and should also include investigating ameliorating effect of possible protective agents such antioxidants against any detectable deviation in normal structure.
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