Central Nervous System Neurons and Glial Cells

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of two types of cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are specialized for processing and transmitting electrical signals, while glia provide support and protection for the neurons. Together, these cells are responsible for coordinating the body’s sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. By transmitting electrical signals along pathways in the brain, CNS neurons enable us to see, feel, move, think, and learn. Glial cells provide insulation for these signals and act as the brain’s immune system, protecting the neurons from outside harm. Thus, neurons and glia together form the basis of the CNS and are essential for our health and well-being.