Abstract
COVID-19 as an infectious disease, and deadly biological crisis, threatens the bio-psycho-social- spiritual health of the people. Spiritual health from the perspective of Islam, means having a sound heart, living in the present time with sense of peace, security, patience and gratitude, safe from the fear and anxiety of future, grief and regret for the past events. It affects other dimension of health. This study was conducted to investigate the spiritual health services in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Muslim society.
This qualitative study was conducted from March 1, 2020 to the end of May 2020 in Tehran by using the Schwartz and Kim's hybrid model concept analysis with a deductive / inductive analysis approach, in three stages: 1- Theoretical review of religious and scientific evidence, 2- Field research 3- Final analysis. Data collection was done in hospitals and hospices by semi-structured interviews, taking notes, websites and social networks search. Data were analyzed by "Contractual Content Analysis Method".
Despite the fact that spiritual health services (spiritual care and counseling) are not taught in Iranian universities, but in this biological crisis, spiritual health services, based on religious beliefs of health system employees were implemented. The Muslims belief in divine test, healing power of God, helping the people as highest worship, aroused spiritual awakening and enthusiasm in the health care team. Spiritual health services at prevention levels were provided with the aim of helping the patient, family and clients, in an inter-professional model based on the jurisprudential rules derived from the religious evidences (Verses and Hadiths), in line with holistic approach, community-based care, spiritual self-care, home-care, family participation. The involvement of non-specialists in the provision of medical services was prevented. According to, preserving the human dignity in Islam, Islamic rituals were performed by the treatment team and volunteer clerics for dying and dead people.
Considering the impact of religious spirituality on Muslims lifestyle and health behaviors, it seems that the use of Islamic health guidelines can improve the quality of health care services and help improve the spiritual health of people in biological crises.
Author Contributions
Copyright© 2021
Asadzandi Minoo, et al.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Competing interests The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Introduction
Coronaviruses can infect animals and humans and cause respiratory distress. These discomforts may be as mild as common cold, or as severe as pneumonia. In some cases, coronaviruses can be transmitted from animals to humans, and infected healthy people such as SARS (Acute Respiratory Symptoms) in 2002 to 2003 or MERS (Respiratory Symptoms of the Middle East) in 2012, which was transmitted from camels to humans. The new coronavirus (COVID-19) with symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea can lead to acute respiratory failure and death. It usually spread through coughing and sneezing, contaminated hands, contact with an infected person or touching contaminated surfaces. Due to the contagious power and high mortality of the disease, this biological crisis, in addition to socio-economic consequences, has caused psycho- spiritual problems for people around the world Due to the effectiveness of religious spirituality, on reducing stress
Materials And Methods
This qualitative study was conducted from March 1, 2020 to the end of May 2020 in Tehran, by using the concept analysis method of Schwartz and Kim hybrid model, which is a strong methodology for concept development with deductive / inductive analysis approach. Research was implemented in three stages: 1- Theoretical review, 2- Work in the field (field research) 3- Final analysis In the field research phase, after obtaining informed written consent, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted by target-based sampling. Samples were selected from the medical staff of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Interviews continued until data saturation. In order to get acquainted with possible and unforeseen issues and to form a combination of questions, a few initial interviews were conducted. The questions were based on the interview process and included the following: 1- Do your patients, their family or your colleagues face spiritual problems? 2- What do you do to help alleviate their spiritual suffering? In order to increase the accuracy and robustness of the research as well as the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the collected information, notes were taken on the people's behaviors in the face of biological crisis in social networks (national media, WhatsApp, Instagram). Work in the field, with the aim of confirming and consolidating the concept through the analysis of collected data, to examine the components of the concept at a practical level, coincided with the first stage of research. In the final analysis stage, the findings of the initial theoretical analysis were compared with the data in the field Data analysis was performed based on conventional content analysis method, which is a continuous comparative analysis method. This method was used as a method to determine the reliability and validity of data.
Discussion
The Shiite religion has been the official religion in Iran since the 16th century. After the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1978), the government was established according to the rules of jurisprudence The participation of the people in the face of national crises, are blessings that can be seen among the followers of the Abrahamic religions and Muslims All ethical considerations were carefully observed by the authors, including: avoiding plagiarism, obtaining informed written consent, avoiding any manipulation or alteration of data, duplication.